Rotator Cuff Tears

What are Rotator Cuff Tears?

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that connect the shoulder blade to the upper arm bone. It is responsible for stabilising the shoulder joint and allowing the arm to move in various directions. A rotator cuff tear is a common injury that occurs when one or more of the tendons in the rotator cuff is torn. This can be due to an acute injury, such as a fall or lifting a heavy object, or it can develop over time due to wear and tear.

Symptoms and Signs of Rotator Cuff Tears

The symptoms of a rotator cuff tear can vary depending on the severity of the injury. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Pain in the shoulder, especially when reaching overhead or sleeping on the affected side.
• Weakness in the shoulder, making it difficult to lift objects or perform everyday tasks.
• A clicking or popping sensation in the shoulder when moving the arm.
• Stiffness in the shoulder joint.

Types of Rotator Cuff Tears

There are two main types of rotator cuff tears:

• Partial Tear: This is a tear in the tendon that does not completely sever it from the bone. These types of tears can be less severe and may not require surgery.
• Full Tear: This is a complete tear of the tendon from the bone. These types of tears may require surgical intervention.

Diagnosing Rotator Cuff Tears

If you suspect you have a rotator cuff tear, your doctor or physiotherapist may perform a physical exam to assess the range of motion in your shoulder and test the strength of the muscles in the rotator cuff. Imaging tests such as an X-ray or MRI may also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the injury.

Treatment Options for Rotator Cuff Tears

The treatment of rotator cuff tears depends on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical treatments may include rest, ice, and physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder joint. In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the torn tendon.

Exercises for Rotator Cuff Tears

If you are recovering from a rotator cuff tear, your physiotherapist may recommend exercises to help improve strength and flexibility in the shoulder joint. Here are some examples of exercises you may be asked to do:

1. Pendulum Stretch: Stand with your unaffected arm resting on a table or chair. Lean forward and allow your affected arm to hang down. Swing your arm gently in a circular motion, clockwise and counterclockwise.
2. Wall Walks: Stand facing a wall and place your hands on the wall at shoulder height. Slowly walk your fingers up the wall as high as you can go without causing pain, and then slowly walk them back down.
3. Shoulder Blade Squeezes: Sit or stand with your arms by your sides. Squeeze your shoulder blades together, holding for a few seconds, and then release.
4. External Rotation: Lie on your unaffected side with your affected arm bent at a 90-degree angle. Use a small weight or resistance band and slowly rotate your arm outwards, away from your body.

What to do if you have a rotator cuff tear?

Rotator cuff tears can be a painful and debilitating injury, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, most people are able to make a full recovery. If you suspect you have a rotator cuff tear, it's important to seek medical attention right away to prevent further damage and promote healing.